Istilah2 dalam Broadcasting Televisi

A
Audio Visual: Sebutan bagi perangkat yang menggunakkan unsur suara dan gambar.
Art Director: Sebutan bagi pengarah seni artistik dari sebuah produksi.
Asisten Produser: Seseorang yang membantu produser dalam menjalankan tugasnya.
Audio Mixing: Proses penyatuan dan penyelarasan suara dari berbagai macam jenis dan bentuk suara.
Angle: Sudut pengambilan gambar.
Animator: Sebutan bagi seseorang yang beprofesi sebagai pembuat animasi.
Audio Effect: Efek suara.
Atmosfir / Ambience: Suara natural dari objek gambar.
AC (Alternating Current) - Electrical current that changes polarity regularly and continually.
Active Picture Area - The part of a TV picture that contains actual image information as opposed to sync or other data. Vertically the active picture area is 486 lines for NTSC and 576 lines for PAL. The inactive area is called blanking.
AGC (Automatic Gain Control) - Electronic circuit designed to keep signals at an acceptable level by amplifying signals that are too low or reducing signals that are too high.
AFM recording (Audio Frequency Modulation) - An audio signal is frequency-modulated and recorded on the video track together with a video signal, enabling multi-channel audio recording and better reproduction.
Amp (Ampere) - Unit of electrical measure equal to one volt sent through a resistance of one ohm. Also one watt divided by one volt.
Amplified - Any electronic device used to increase the level or power of signals applied to it.
Analog - A signal that varies continuously over a range of amplitudes. A digital signal by contrast has only two values, representing 1 or 0.
Aperture - The opening in a lens, controlling the amount of light that passes through the lens.
B
Broadcasting: Proses pengiriman sinyal ke berbagai lokasi secara bersamaan baik melalui satelit, radio, televisi, komunikasi data pada jaringan dan lain sebagainya.
Broadcaster: Sebutan bagi seseorang yang bekerja dalam industri penyiaran.
Background: Latar belakang.
Blocking: Penempatan objek yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan gambar.
Bridging scene: Adegan perantara diantara adegan – adegan lainnya.
Back Light: Penempatan lampu dasar dari sudut belakang objek.
Rundown: Penentuan gambar yang sesuai dengan naskah atau urutan acara.
Bumper In: Penanda bahwa program acara TV dimulai kembali setelah iklan komersial.
Bumper Out: Penanda bahwa program acara TV akan berhenti sejenak karena iklan komersial.
Back focus - The distance from the rear element of a lens to the image plane on the camera.
Broadcast Quality - A nebulous term used to describe the output of a manufacturers product . Usually at least means that the technical specifications meet the FCC rules for broadcasting.
Bandwidth - The amount of audio or radio spectrum required or used by a signal or waveform.
Barn door - A metal flap or group of metal flaps attached to the front of a lamp housing to prevent light from spilling outside a desired area.
Bayonet - Mount used on most cameras to secure the lens on the body by using a lens fixing ring. Could also be an electrical connerctor.
Betacam - A component broadcast system using half-inch tape and cases similar to those for the Beta format.
Bidirectional microphone - A microphone designed to pick up sound on two sides of the microphone along the same axis, but reject sound from any other direction.
Black balance - Adjustment is done in order to assure that black has no color. The camera balances the black levels of the R, G and B channels.
Black set - A reference level for black balance adjustment.
BNC connector - A connector with a bayonet lock used with coaxial video cable.
Boom microphone - Any microphone, but usually a unidirectional or shotgun microphone, attached to a pole or boom to keep the microphone near an audio source but outside of the field of view.
Brightness control - A control used to adjust the illumination of viewfinders, monitors, and receivers, but not affecting signal levels from cameras or other picture sources.
Burn - Part of a pickup tubes that has a depletion of charge evidence by a negative image of the picture source causing the depletion. This condition is temporary unless the tube is turned off and allowed to cool before the problem is corrected.
C
Credit Title: Urutan nama tim produksi dan pendukung acara.
Chroma Key: Sebuah metode elektronis yang melakukan penggabungan antara gambar video yang satu dengan gambar video lainnya dimana dalam prosesnya digunakan teknik Key Colour yang dapat diubah sesuai kebutuhan foreground dan background.
Cutting on Beat: Teknik pemotongan gambar berdasar tempo.
Teaser: Sebutan bagi adegan atau gambar yang akan mengundang rasa ingin tahu penonton tentang kelanjutan acara, namun harus ditunda karena ada jeda iklan komersial.
Cut: Pemotongan gambar.
Cutting: Proses pemotongan gambar.
Camera Blocking: Penempatan posisi kamera yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan gambar.
Crazy Shot: Gambar yang direkam melalui kamera yang tidak beraturan.
Compotition: Komposisi.
Continuity: Kesinambungan.
Cross Blocking: Penempatan posisi objek secara silang sesuai dengan kebutuhan gambar.
Crane: Katrol khusus untuk kamera dan penata kamera yang dapat bergerak keatas dan kebawah.
Clip On: Mikrofon khusus yang dipasang pada objek tanpa terlihat.
Casting: Proses pemilihan pemain lakon sesuai dengan karakter dan peran yang akan diberikan.
Cable - The electrical cords used to interconnect pieces of audio and video equipment.
Camera cap - A cap screwed or mounted onto the front of a camera in place of the lens to protect the camera pickup tube from light or dirt when the lens is not in place.
Cannon - A three pin connector used with balanced audio lines for line and mic level audio signals. Also known as an XL or XLR connector.
Capacitor - An electrical device which stores energy as an electrostatic charge. Often used as a component in filter circuits.
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) - It replaced the pickup tube, a CCD is a solid state imager which converts input light levels into electrical charges, which are once stored and then output in the form of voltage variations.
CCU - (Camera control unit)
Center marker - A cross that indicates the center of the image on the viewfinder screen.
CG (Character Generator) - A small computer used to generate titles and other text electronically without the use of a camera.
Chroma - The characteristic of a color which refers to its saturation or intensity. Also the color pattern of the television signal.
Chroma key - A key based on the chroma saturation and hue of portions of a picture, rather than on the luminance, or brightness. A specific hue is replaced by one picture source, while the rest of the picture is replaced by another picture source. A chroma key is an external key.
Chrominance - The color portion of the television signal.
Chrominance signal or chroma signal - Is a video signal containing color information.
C-mount lens - A lens with a standard one-inch threaded mount assembly that is screwed into the camera body, as opposed to a bayonet or “m” mount.
Coaxial cable - A cable having a center conductor surrounded by insulation and a grounded shield.
Color bar signal - Is a test signal which can be displayed as vertical bars of different colors on a color video monitor. It is used to check chrominance functions of color television and camera’s.
Color conversion filter - Is an optical filter used with video cameras to convert the color temperature of a light source.
Color temperature - Is measured in Kelvins (K). Each light source has it’s own color temperature.
Component video signal - A signal that consists of a luminance signal (Y) and two chrominance (color difference) signals (R-Y, B-Y).
Composite video signal - A signal that consists of video (luminance and color subcarrier), sync (horizontal and vertical), and color burst signals.
Condensation - Is moisture condensation usualy on the head drum, which cases the tape to stick to the drum, resulting in damaging the tape and posible malfunction of the recorder.
Condenser microphone - A microphone using a power supply (usually a battery) to maintain a charge across two plates which modulate a voltage when the distance between them changes.
Contrast - The difference in illumination between the brightest and darkest parts of a scene or picture.
Contrast control - A control used to change the amplitude of the video signal in viewfinders receivers, and monitors, but not affecting the output of cameras or other video sources.
Control track - A reference signal recorded on videotape and used to control the path of the video heads across the tape on playback.
Credits - Listings of all those involved in making a program, usually appearing at the end of a television program or film.
CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) - Video camera viewfinders are equipped with a CR1 image display, so you can monitor what you are shooting.
CTDM (Compressed Time Division Multiplex) - A method of processing chrominance signals for recording. When component video signals are recorded, both of the two chrominance signals (R—Y, B—Y) are time-compressed to half, multiplexed, and recorded on a single track one after the other.
CTL - Control signal in the form of regular pulses recorded along a longitudinal track on the videotape. By counting these pulses, it is possible to determine the number of frames, and hence the tape’s running time. Used mainly to adjust the tracking position of video heads, and to achieve time code continuity in continuous recording.
D
Desain Compugrafis: Rancangan grafis yang digambar melalui tekhnologi komputer.
Durasi: Waktu yang diberikan atau dijalankan.
Dissolve: Tekhnik penumpukan gambar pada editing maupun syuting multi kamera.
Depth of Field: Area dimana seluruh objek yang diterima oleh lensa dan kamera muncul dengan fokus yang tepat. Biasanya hal ini dipengaruhi oleh jarak antara objek dan kamera, focal length dari lensa dan f-stop.
Dialogue: Percakapan yang muncul dalam adegan.
Dramatic Emotion: Emosi gambar secara dramatis.
Dubbing: pengisian suara / narasi .
D1 - Digital video tape format using the CCIR 601 standard to record 4:2:2 component video on 19mm tape. Currently the highest quality video tape format generally available. The first digital video tape format, hence D1.
D2 - Digital video tape format using the 4fsc method to record composite digital video. Uses 19mm tape and a cassette similar to D1. The second digital video tape format, hence D2.
D3 - Digital video tape format using 4fsc composite signals like D2, but recorded on 12.5 mm (1/2-inch) tape. The third digital video tape format…
D4 - Doesn’t exist. The number 4 is considered unlucky in Japan .
D5 - Digital video tape format using CCIR 601, 4:2:2 video. Uses the same cassette as D3.
dB (Decibel) - A unit used to compare the relative levels of electrical signals on a logarithmic scale.
DCC (Dynamic Contrast Control) - Restores lost detail when shooting against bright backgrounds
Digital - A form in which everything is defined by a series of numbers, usually ones and zeros (binary).
Digital Betacam - Digital video tape format using the CCIR 601 standard to record 4:2:2 component video in compressed form on 12.5mm (1/2-inch) tape.
DDR (Digital Disk Recorder) - A digital video recording device based on high speed computer disk drives. Commonly used as a means to get video into and out from computers and for editing.
Digitizing - The act of taking analog video and/or audio and converting it to digital form. In 8 bit digital video there are 256 possible steps between maximum white and minimum black.
Dissolve - The gradual change from one picture to another, allowing the pictures to be superimposed during the transition.
Distortion - Any undesirable alteration in an audio or video signal.
Drop frame - mode SMPTE time code runs at 30 frames/second, while the NTSC color television system runs at about 29.97 frames/second. This results in that a length of 1 hour as indicated by time code is longer than the actual clock time of 1 hour by 108 frames, or about 3.6 seconds. Drop frame mode adjusts the running of time code to eliminate this discrepancy, by dropping two frames from time code account at the beginning of each minute except every tenth minute. On the other hand, non-drop frame mode does not adjust the discrepancy between time code value and actual time.
Dolly - A wheeled device attached to a tripod to allow smooth movement of a camera. Also a camera movement toward or away from the subject (dolly forward, dolly back).
Dub - To copy by playing back on one machine and recording on another.
Duct tape - A shiny adhesive tape designed for holding metal heating and cooling ducts, but also commonly used as a substitute for gaffers tape, a general purpose tape used in television and film.
DVC (Digital Video Cassette) - A digital tape recording format using approximately 5:1 compression to produce near-Betacam quality on a very small cassette. Originated as a consumer product, but being used professionally as exemplified by Panasonic’s variation, DVC-Pro, and Sony’s variation DVCam.
DVD (Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk) - A new format for putting full length movies on a 5″ CD using MPEG-2 compression for “much better than VHS” quality.
DVE (Digital Video Effects) - A “black box” which digitally manipulates the video to create special effects, for example, the ADO (Ampex Digital Optics) system. Common DVE effects include inverting the picture, shrinking it, moving it around within the frame of another picture, spinning it, and a great many more.
Dynamic microphone - A microphone which uses a magnet moving in a coil of wire to generate an electrical signal.
E
Editing: Proses pemotongan gambar.
Ending Title: Urutan nama yang dicantumkan pada akhir movie.
Establish Shot: Gambar pengenalan yang natural dan wajar.
EBU (European Broadcasting Union) - Established by broadcasting and related organizations in Europe.
EFP (Electronic Field Production) - Production of a television program or program segment by using portable video cameras, VTRs, and sound equipment outside the studios. EFP is characterized by generally higher production quality than ENG.
ENG (Electronic News Gathering) - The use of portable video cameras, VTRs, and sound equipment for the production of daily news stories and short documentaries.
F
Focus: Penyelarasan gambar secara detail, tajam, dan jernih hingga mendekati objek aslinya.
Final Editing: Proses pemotongan gambar secara menyeluruh.
Floor Director: Seseorang yang bertanggung jawab membantu mengkomunikasikan keinginan sutradara, dari master kontrol ke studio produksi.
Filter Camera: Filter yang digunakan untuk kamera.
Footage: Gambar – gambar yang tersedia dan dapat digunakan.
Foreground: Latar depan.
Field - One scan from the top to the bottom of the television frame, tracing alternate horizontal lines and taking one sixtieth of a second to complete.
Filter - A flat piece of glass or gelatin with no optical properties other than to control the color or intensity of light.
Filter - An electrical device used to reduce the transmission of signals in some frequency ranges and allow transmission of signals in other frequency ranges.
Flag - A metal flap used near a lens to keep lights from shining directly into the lens and causing lens flare.
Flare Dark - Colored flashes caused by signal overload through extreme light reflections of polished objects or very bright lights.
Flicker - Repeated change of brightness on the screen.
Focal length - The distance from the optical center of a lens to the focal plane.
Focal plane - The plane perpendicular to the lens axis at which parallel rays striking the lens are converged to a point.
Focus - To cause a sharp image from a lens to be projected onto the focal plane (in the case of a camera) or onto a screen (in the case of a projector). Also to adjust the electron beam converging circuits in a television monitor for maximum sharpness as they strike the surface of the picture tube.
Frame - A complete television picture consisting of two interlaced fields of video. The frame rate for PAL system is 24 frames per second and for the NTSC system is thirty frames per second.
Freeze frame - The continuous repetition of a single frame of video.
Frequency - The rate of repetition of an electrical or audio signal, expressed in Hertz (cycles per second).
Fresnel - A special light-weight lens used in focusing beams of light. Originally used in lighthouses, now also used in high-quality studio and theatrical lights.
F-stop - The size of the aperture in a lens, given in f-numbers. The lower the f-number, the more light passes through the lens. It is the ratio of the lens focal length to the actual diameter of the aperture opening. See T-stop.
Fuse - A device designed to interrupt an electrical circuit in the event of an overload of that circuit.
G
Gaffer’s tape - A strong adhesive tape used in film and television production.
Gain - Degree of amplification. The difference between the signal level at the input of a device and the level at the output, usually expressed in dB.
Genloc - To reference a signal generator to a signal normally external to and separate from the system controlled by the signal generator. The purpose is to bring a system, such as a studio, into proper timing with an external source, such as a live remote camera, so that special effects as wipes, keys, and dissolves can be done using the external source in combination with internal sources.
Grip - The crew member principally responsible for the transportation, maintenance and mounting of the camera.
H
Hunting Location: Proses pencarian dan penggunaan lokasi terbaik untuk syuting.
Headset: Digunakan untuk dapat mendengarkan suara sutradara.
Hand Held: Tekhnik penggunaan kamera dengan tangan tanpa tripod.

I
Intercut: Gambar penghubung antar sequence satu ke yang lain.
Internal sync - Synchronizing signals generated by a camera, recorder, or other picture source without reference to or need of external synchronizing signals.
I signal - One of the two color signals, containing reddish orange and bluish green components to which the human eye is sensitive.
IRE scale - The scale to determine video signal amplitudes devised by the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), an American organization now called the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). The IRE scale includes a total of 140 units, with 100 up and 40 down from zero.
Iris - A circular mechanical device built into a camera lens, to permit control of the amount of light passing through the lens by varying the diameter of its central aperture.

J
Jumping Shot: Proses pengambilan gambar secara tidak berurutan.
Juncta Position: Kondisi dimana latar belakang menjadi satu dengan obyek dan sangat mengganggu.
Jimmy Jib: Katrol kamera otomatis yang digerakkan dengan remote.
Job Description: Deskripsi tentang jenis pekerjaan.
Jeda Komersial: Saat penayangan iklan komersial diantara acara televisi.
Job Title: Penamaan jabatan pada pekerjaan.

K
Key - A video special effect in which the level of a video signal is used as a switch which allows selective substitution of picture information from one source with picture information from a different source. Luminance keyers use the amplitude of the monochrome portion of the signal, while chroma keyers use the amplitude of a specific color or hue. Most printed material is inserted into video using luminance keys, while picture information is inserted using chroma keys.
Keystone - The effect of projecting an image onto a surface that is not perpendicular to the axis of the projecting lens. Parallel lines tend to converge in the direction where the surface is closer to the lens.
Kreator: Sebutan bagi seseorang yang menciptakan karya kreatif.
L
Lighting: Penataan cahaya.
Lighting Effect: Efek dari penataan cahaya.
Lensa Wide: Digunakan untuk memperbesar sudut pandang pengambilan gambar dari kamera.
Lensa Super Wide: Digunakan untuk sangat memperbesar sudut pandang pengambilan gambar dari kamera.
Lag - The tendency in some camera pickup tubes to retain an image after it is no longer presented to the tube. This effect is most evident when a relatively bright image is replaced by a darker field of view and is aggravated when a bright image is stationary in the field of view for an extended period of time before it is replaced.
Latent image - The image retained by a pickup tube after the source of that image is removed. If a latent image is present on a pickup tube when a camera is turned off, the image may be permanently fixed on the tube.
Lavalier - A microphone worn on the body and held in place either with a lanyard worn around the neck or a clip fastened to clothing. The frequency response of a lavalier microphone is skewed toward the higher frequencies to compensate for the low frequency sound transmitted directly to the microphone by contact with the body.
Lens hood - Also lens shade. A cone fastened to the front end of a lens to keep incident light from striking the lens elements and causing lens flare.
Limiter - An amplifier designed to limit or compress signals over a desired level, thus reducing the chances of distortion and keeping the range of signal levels within the range that can be recorded. Unlike an automatic gain control, a limiter does not augment or boost low levels.
LNG recording (Longitudinal recording) - To record audio signals on tape along its longitudinal tracks.
LTC (Longitudinal Time Code) - A time code recorded along the tape in the forward direction of tape run. A VTR cannot reproduce LTC when tape run stops to output a still picture. The output level of LTC is very low when tape runs slowly. So an LTC read error is likely to occur while the VTR is playing back in slow motion. See also Time code and VITC.
Luminance signal - A signal that determines the brightness of the picture. Also called Y signal.
M
Master Control: Perangkat teknis utama penyiaran untuk mengontrol proses distribusi audio dan video dari berbagai input pada produksi untuk siaran live show maupun recorded.

Main Object: Target pada objek utama.
Monitor: Digunakan untuk memantau gambar.
Master Video: Video utama berisikan rekaman acara televisi yang siap untuk ditayangkan maupun disimpan.
Multi Camera: Sistem dari tata produksi audio visual yang syuting secara bersamaan dengan menggunakan sejumlah kamera.
Master Shot: Gambar pilihan utama dari sebuah adegan yang kemudian dijadikan referensi atau rujukan saat melakukan editing.
N
Noise: Gangguan pada sirkulasi signal audio maupun video yang mengganggu program acara.
News Director: Direktur pemberitaan yang bertanggung jawab atas seluruh isi pemberitaan yang disiarkan secara aktual berdasarkan fakta.
O
Off Line: Proses editing awal untuk memilih gambar terbaik dengan time code dari berbagai stock shot sesuai dengan kebutuhan adegan. Hasil dari gambar tersebut ditransformasikan dalam bentuk workprint dengan EDL (edit decision List).
On Line: Proses akhir editing untuk menyempurnakan, mempercantik dan memperindah gambar setelah melalui proses off line.
Opening Scene: Adegan yang dirancang khusus untuk membuka acara atau cerita. Biasanya adegan ini dikemas kreatif dan menarik untuk mendpatkan perhatian penonton.
Opening Shot: Komposisi sudut pengambilan gambar pada awal adegan atau acara yang dirancang khusus untuk menarik perhatian penonton.
OB Van: Outside Broadcasting Van, mobil khusus yang membawa perangkat tekhnis penyiaran audio dan video untuk memproduksi program diluar studio. Dapat juga digunakan untuk master control bagi siaran langsung.
Over Exposed: Kondisi dimana pencahayaan terlalu terang.
Omnidirectional microphone - A microphone which picks up sound equally well from all directions.
Optical Viewfinder - A camera viewfinder which has no electronics and therefore cannot reflect the actual picture being transmitted from the camera. Optical viewfinders for inexpensive television cameras are rangefinder viewfinders which are separate from the camera lens system and show a picture slightly different from that seen by the camera. The difference is most troublesome for subjects close to the camera where the angle of difference, or parallax, is greatest.
Off-Line Editing - A low resolution, usually computer and disk based edit system in which the creative editing decisions can be made at lower cost and often with greater flexibility than in an expensive fully equipped on-line suite. See also Non-Linear Editor.
On-Line Editing - An editing system where the actual video master is created. An on-line bay usually consists of an editing computer, video switcher, audio mixer, 1 or more channels of DVE, character generator, and several video tape machines.
Oxide tape - Magnetic tape coated with fine particles of manganese oxide
P
Property: Berbagai aksesori.
Program Directing: Penyutradaraan program televisi.
Programming: Tekhnik penyusunan program acara televisi yang ditayangkan secara berurutan.
Praproduksi: Berbagai kegiatan persiapan sebelum pelaksanaan produksi dimulai.
Paskaproduksi: Proses penyelesaian akhir dari produksi.Biasanya istilah ini digunakan pada proses editing.
Produser: Pimpinan produksi yang bertanggung jawab kepada seluruh kegiatan pengkoordinasian pelaksanaan praproduksi, produksi sampai paskaproduksi.
PAL (Phase Alternate Line) - The television and video standard in use in most of Europe . Consists of 625 horizontal lines at a field rate of 50 fields per second. (Two fields equals one complete Frame).
PAL (Phase Alternating Line) - Video Standard, 625 scan lines (Only 576 of these lines are used for picture. The rest are used for sync or extra information such as VITC and Closed Captioning), tape runs at 25 frames per second.
Pixel Short for Picture Element - The basic unit from which a video or computer picture is made. Essentially a dot with a given color and brightness value. The more pixels the higher the resolution of the picture.
Parabola - A parabolic dish used to reflect sound waves, concentrating them on a microphone, allowing sound to be picked up from greater distances than with even a normal unidirectional or shotgun microphone.
Parallax - The difference in view caused by looking at a scene from two slightly different locations.
Patch bay - Patch panel. A control panel where all the video and audio lines used in a studio are brought together and terminated in connectors allowing any combination of lines to be wired together as desired by patching in short lengths of cable.
Pedestal - A camera support generally restricted to studio use having a single elevator column mounted on a tricycle base.
Pedestal level - A black level which is the absolute black level of a video signal. Normally, a video signal refers to the setup level (about 0% to 5% of video amplitude above the blanking level) as the black level.
Pickup tube - A light-sensitive electron tube which is scanned by an electron beam to convert an image focused on the face of the tube into an electronic signal.
Pop - Microphone distortion caused by speaking certain consonants (especially “p”) into a microphone placed too close to the mouth.
Q
Q signal - One of the two color signals, containing yellow and violet components to which the human eye is relatively insensitive.
Quartz-halogen - The light of choice in color television, designed to maintain correct color temperature and uniform output throughout its life. Provides much higher output than conventional tungsten light of the same power consumption and has a life up to one hundred times that of common tungsten photographic lights. These lamps are sensitive to shock and handling and should never be touched with bare hands.
R
Rating: Perhitungan secara statistikal untuk mengukur tingkat popularitas program acara televisi terhadap penonton.
Rundown: Susunan isi dan alur cerita dari program acara televisi yang dibatasi oleh durasi, jeda komersial, segmentasi, dan bahasa naskah.
Run Through: Latihan akhir bagi seluruh pendukung acara televisi yang disesuaikan dengan urutan acara sesuai dalam rundown.
Reportase: Sebuah laporan perjalanan atau liputan lapangan yang digunakan untuk mendukung data – data aktual dan faktual.
Retake: Pengulangan pengambilan adegan gambar.
RGB (Red, Green, Blue) - The primary colors of light. Computers and some analog component devices use separate red, green, and blue color channels to keep the full bandwidth and therefore the highest quality picture.
Radio mic - Transmitter mic or wireless mic. A microphone connected to a small radio transmitter, used in situations where cables would be cumbersome or impossible to use. FCC regulations are stringent in the use of transmitter microphones.
Receiver - Any device capable of demodulating an RF signal, such as a radio, tuner, or television set.
Recorder - Any device that converts an electronic signal to a magnetic pattern in the oxide coating of a magnetic tape.
Reference video signal - A video signal which contains a sync signal or sync and burst signals, used as a reference for synchronization of video equipment.
Resolution - The degree to which fine detail can be recorded or displayed. In film, measured in pairs of light and dark lines per millimeter. In television, measured in lines per scan. Thus, the horizontal resolution of a television camera would be measured by the number of discernible vertical lines that could be displayed across the width of the screen.
RF (Radio Frequency) - That part of the frequency spectrum in which it is possible to radiate (transmit) electromagnetic waves. Any part of the broadcast band, including radio and television.
Roll-off - The gradual reduction of frequencies above or below a certain point. Filters which roll off the bass frequencies are often included in unidirectional microphones to compensate for proximity effect.
R—V signal - R (red) signal minus Y (luminance) signal; one of the color difference signals.
S
Shot: Ambil Gambar.
Simply Shot: Gambar yang diambil dari sudut yang mudah.
Sequence: satu rangkaian gambar yang terdiri dari berbagai angle dan ukuran shot yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian
Stand By: Komando akhir yang menunjukkan bahwa seluruh komponen produksi telah siap untuk melaksanakan syuting.
Stock Shot: Berbagai bentuk gambar yang diciptakan untuk dijadikan pilihan pada saat gambar gambar tersebut memasuki proses editing.
Suspense: Istilah yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan adegan – adegan yang menegangkan dan mengundang rasa was was bagi penonton.
Sound: Penataan suara.
Sound Effect: Efek suara yang diciptakan atau digunakan untuk mendukung suasana dari adegan.
Steady Shot: Gambar sempurna dan tidak terlalu banyak bergerak, yang dapat dinikmati dengan posisi diam.
Switcher: Istilah populer bagi perangkat tekhnis untuk memindah-mindahkan pemilihan gambar dari berbagai stock shot maupun input kamera. Alat ini digunakan untuk syuting multi kamera.
Switcherman: Seseorang yang bertugas melaksanakan proses pemindahan gambar sesuai dengan komando sutradara.
Streaming: Proses pengiriman gambar via internet.
Studio: Lokasi khusus tempat pelaksanaan kerja produksi berlangsung. Dapat untuk melaksanakan syuting (shooting studio) maupun untuk editing (post production studio).
Sound Mixer: Mixer pengendali dari berbagai input suara yang dipilah melalui sejumlah jalur (track).
Slow Motion: Pergerakkan gambar yang diperlambat sesuai dengan kebutuhan alur cerita.
Safe area - In television graphics or film shot for television, the area which is almost certain to be displayed on any television set. About 80% of the scanned area.
Saticon - A television pickup tube used mostly in industrial television and electronic news gathering.
SECAM (System Electronique pour Couleur avec Mémoire) - Video Format at 625 scan lines, tape runs at 25 frames per second.
SEG (Special Effects Generator) - The device in television used to switch between and combine various picture sources. Also called a switcher.
Sensitivity - The ability of a device, such as a camera or microphone, to sense intelligible information and convert it into a usable electronic signal.
Servo - An electronic circuit used to control the speed of a motor which drives a videotape recorder head assembly drum, which must be controlled with great precision.
Servo lock - In a VTR, to lock (or synchronize) the operation of the servomechanisms to a reference sync signal.
Shutter speed - The length of time for which the shutter stays open. The higher the shutter speed is, the more clearly a moving object can be shot.
Shock mount - A support for a microphone which used rubber of foam supports to isolate the mic from vibrations which can appear as low frequency rumble in the audio.
Shotgun microphone - A unidirectional microphone with a narrow pickup pattern.
SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) - A professional association established in the U.S.A. mainly for the purpose of setting forth motion picture and television engineering standards.
S/N Signal-to-Noise ratio - The relation of the strength of the desired signal to the accompanying electronic interference, the noise. If S/N is high, sounds are reproduced with less noise and pictures are reproduced clearly without snow.
Superimposition - The adding or mixing of two video signals to produce and image with two or more pictures visible simultaneously. Used when a keyer is not available to add graphics to video. Sometimes used to refer to a key.
Sync - Any of the signals used to generate and control a television picture, but, specifically, the portion of the composite video signal from zero to minus forty IRE units consisting of vertical and horizontal timing pulses and equalizing signals to maintain the proper relationship of the two fields of video making up each frame.
T
Technical Director: Pengarah / Direktur tehnik.
Teleprompter: piranti didepan kamera yang membantu presenter membaca naskah.
Take: Istilah yang digunakan untuk dan pada saat pengambilan gambar berlangsung. Dapat juga digunakan sebagai catatan pada naskah.
Two Shot: Istilah komando sutradara yang seringkali digunakan untuk mengarahkan kamera kepada dua objek yang dituju.
Three Shot: Istilah komando sutradara yang seringkali digunakan untuk mengarahkan kamera kepada tiga objek yang dituju.
Theme Song: Lagu khusus yang diciptakan atau dipakai sebagai pendukungikatan emosi dari program acara kepada penonton.
TBC (Time Base Corrector) - A highly specialized device with the primary function of making the unstable video output of a videotape recorder conform to the rigid timing of a signal generator, allowing videotape to be used as a picture source in combination with other sources driven by the signal generator.
Time code - A digitally encoded signal that is recorded on videotape to identify each frame of video by hour, minute, second and frame number. SMPTE time code is applied to NTSC system, and EBU time code to PAL and SECAM systems. There are two kinds of recorded signal: longitudinal time code (LTC) and vertical interval time code (VITC). See also LTC and VITC.
Time code lock - To synchronize the built-in time code generator of video equipment such as a VTR to an external time code.
Titles - Graphic information appearing at the beginning of a program, generally including the title, author, producer, writer, director, and major personalities.
Tracking control - The control used to maintain alignment of the video head with the tracks of video information on a tape.
Tuner - The demodulator section of a radio, television set, or videotape recorder.
U
UHF (Ultra High Frequency) - Radio frequencies from 300 to 3,000 megahertz.
U-matic - The standard format for 3/4 inch videocassette recorders. This format has a maximum record/play time of one hour and two discrete audio channels.
User’s bits - A total of 32 bits are provided in time code which you can use to record such information as date, scene number, or reel number on videotape.

Up Link: Proses Pengiriman gambar via satelit.

Under Exposed: Kondisi dimana pencahayaan kurang / lemah cenderung gelap.
UHF (Ultra High Frequency) - Radio frequencies from 300 to 3,000 megahertz.
U-matic - The standard format for 3/4 inch videocassette recorders. This format has a maximum record/play time of one hour and two discrete audio channels.
User’s bits - A total of 32 bits are provided in time code which you can use to record such information as date, scene number, or reel number on videotape.V
VTR: Video Tape Recording.
Voice Over (VO): Suara dari announcer atau penyiar untuk mendukung isi cerita namun tidak tampak dilayar televisi.
Vision Mixer: Sebutan lain untuk istilah populer “switcher”.
Vectorscope - A special type of oscilloscope designed to display the saturation and hue of chroma signals in a polar pattern. This device is essential in the evaluation of color signals when aligning color picture sources or matching and timing color sources in a television system.
VHF (Very High Frequency) - Radio frequencies from 30 to 300 megahertz.
VHS - A half inch videocassette format using the “M” wrap tape path. Not compatible with the BETA format.
Video gain - Amount of amplification for video signals, expressed in decibels (dB).
Viewfinder - A video monitor attached directly to a video camera.
Videocassette - A container holding both the feed and take-up reels which is inserted into a videotape recorder and threaded automatically.
Volt - The standard unit for measuring the difference of potential between two points in an electronic circuit.
VTR - Videotape recorder.
VITC (Vertical Interval Time Code) - A time code recorded on videotape in two horizontal lines during each vertical blanking period of a video signal. Unlike LTC, VITC is recorded in the same tracks as the video information, so they can be read even while the tape is not moving. See also Time code and LTC.W
Wireless Camera: Kamera yang menggunakan transmisi signal untuk mengirimkan hasil gambar tanpa menggunakan kabel.
White Balance: Prosedur untuk mengkoreksi warna gambar dari kamera dengan mengubah sensitivitas CCD ke dalam spektrum cahaya. Umumnya prosedur ini menggunakan cahaya putih sebagai dasar.
Wardrobe: Berbagai aksesori pendukung kostum bagi peran – peran tertentu.
Watt - Unit of electrical power equal to one volt across a resistance of one ohm, or one volt at a current of one ampere.
Waveform monitor - A specialized oscilloscope designed to display the video waveform with great stability and high resolution. Essential in determining and setting correct levels for the luminance (monochrome) and sync portions of the composite video signal and useful in evaluating critical timing relationships.
White balance adjustment - In the light of a particular color temperature, to adjust the white levels of the R, G, and B channels of a color video camera so that any white object shot in that light is reproduced as a truly white image. See also Color temperature.
White shading - When shooting a white object, the upper and lower portions of the screen may appear magenta or green while the central portion appears white, depending on the performance of the camera lens. This is called white shading.
Wind screen - A thin soft foam cover for microphones which reduces the noise made by wind striking the microphone.
Wipe - The transition between television picture sources in which each picture source is displayed on only a portion of the screen, that portion being determined by an electronically generated pattern which can be sized and positioned using a special effects generator.X
XLR or Cannon - A three-pin audio connector used with balanced lines in microphone and line level audio applications.
Z
Zebra pattern - In a video camera, striped patterns which appear in the viewfinder screen to indicate areas of the image where the video level is higher than a certain value.
Zoom - To gradually change the field of view of a camera lens from wide to narrow angle (zoom in) or narrow to wide angle (zoom out).
Zoom lens - A lens with a variable focal length.
Zoom ratio - The ratio of the longest focal length to the shortest focal length of a zoom lens.

Format Video

Kebanyakan orang selalu bertanya-tanya, apa sih makna dari embel-embel dibelakang judul filem ini, (TS), (TC), termasuk saya, yang sering bertanya-tanya tentang istilah baru yg memang  gak ngerti sama sekali.
Untuk mengetahui ragam macam kualitas video agar downloader movie dapat mengalisa kualitas film yang akan di download, rekan - rekan bisa mempelajari lebih lanjut kualitas dari film tersebut sebelum mendownload :

CAM-Rip
CamRip biasanya di ambil atau di rekam dari suatu bisokop dengan mengunakan sebuah digital video camera (atau sejenisnya). Biasanya film jenis ini sangat buruk kualitasnya dikarenakan oleh sudut pengambilan yg kurang baik, atau goncangan camera. Serta kualitas suara yg buruk karena mengunakan onboard microphone pada camera tersebut. Kadang juga terdengar suara penontonnya. Karena faktor ini, kualitas film CAM sangat buruk sekali, mengingat banyak interferensi dan keadaan. Kelebihan dari CAM adalah ketersediannya, dalam waktu 24 jam setelah ditayangkan di bioskop biasanya telah ada di internet.

Telesync(TS)
Hampir sama dengan CAM namun telesync menggunakan external audio source (sebuah audio jack yang terletak di kursi digunakan untuk orang yang sulit mendengar). Dengan memanfaatkan direct audio source belum tentu memastikan kualitas dari audio source tersebut, terkadang ada juga background noise yang menginterferensi. Biasanya telesync di putar oleh bioskop yang sepi yang memutar film dengan menggunakan proyektor khusus dengan professional camera, telesync mungkin akan memberikan kualitas gambar yang lebih baik dan qualitas suaranya juga. Namun biasanya persentase Telesyncs adalah CAM yang telah di label ulang.

Telecine(TC)
Telecine adalah sebuah metode pengkopian film digital langsung dari pita. Kualitas suara dan gambarnya sudah sangat baik, namun karena peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk merekam telecine ini sangat jarang ditemui dan sudah menjadi langka. Biasanya film ini juga akan di perbaiki aspect ratio nya, dengan menggunakan standar 4:3 telecine.

SVCD
SVCD adalah dasar format mpeg2 (sama dengan DVD). Dengan bit-rates di atas 2500kbits pada resolusi 480x480 (NTSC)
dengan decompressed kedalam aspect ratio 4:3 pada saat play back. Karena perbedaan bit-rate dan lebih panjang di banding dengan VCD maka tidak akan muat di masukan ke dalam single CDR.

CVD
CVD adalah kombinasi dari format VCD dan SVCD yg umumnya supoort dengan kebanyakan DVD players. dan support MPEG2, bit-rates SVCD, dengan menggunakan resolusi 352x480 (ntsc). Umumnya orang jarang sekali ada yg merelease dalam format CVD.

XVCD/XSVCD
Sama dengan format dasar (VCD/SVCD) yg memiliki resolusi dan bit-rates tinggi (spt VCD/SVCD).tetapi format XVCD/XSVCD biasanya tergantung oleh player yg akan di gunakan (umunya tdk semua support sept VCD). X(S)VCD adalah bukan standar resmi. dan biasanya hanya di gunakan pribadi untuk home-ripping oleh orang2 yg memang tdk ada niat utk di perjualbelikan.

X264
X264 adalah open source encoder untuk H.264,codec yg di gunakan untuk High-Definition movies di HD-DVDs and Blue-Ray Discs. X264 merupakan avi.format yg populer sekarang karena memiliki kualitas lebih baik.

Screener(SC)
Film jenis ini biasanya dicopy dari video VHS yang telah resmi di release. Ciri khas film dengan flag ini adalah, masih adanya peraturan undang-undang hak cipta di awal film tersebut. Kualitasnya cukup baik, karena dicopy dari sumber aslinya langsung.

DVD Screener(DVDScr)
Sama dengan SCREENER hanya pada tipe ini, data diubah kedalam format DVD

DVDRip
Copy dari final released DVD yang di Convert menjadi file berbentuk SCVD dan Divx/Xvid dengan kualitas yg cukup baik (biasanya tergantung dari master DVD yg ingin di Convert).

VHSRip
VHSRip adalah hasil transfer dari kaset VHS (biasanya dari video VHS) seperti olahraga,video dsb,yg di convert dalam bentuk SVCD/VCD/Divx/Xvid.

NTSC/PAL
NTSC punya frmae rate lebih tinggi dibanding PAL (29fps berbanding 25fps) tetapi PAL resolusinya lebih besar dan lebih tajam.

R3
Adalah Region 3 yang berasal dari Asia tenggara dan Asia timur (termasuk Hong Kong)
Qualitas R3 mirip dengan dvd. Mereka banyak menggunakan TS atau cam English audio rip karena high quality audio akan didapat pada bahasa Region 3.

R5
Sama dengan DVDRip, namun sourcenya berasal dari DVD yang telah release terlebih dahulu di Rusia., Saat ini Russia movie studio mulai membatasi jumlah DVD yang masuk ke negaranya, ini diakibatkan untuk menghindari akan adanya pirate telecines (yang sering dilakukan di Rusia). Hingga saat ini, sangat jarang sekali ditemui telecines, dan kebanyakan film telecine yang kita lihat adalah R5 retail. R5 retail adalah hasil konversi dari studio, mereka pada dasarnya mencoba untuk memerangi pembajakan sehingga mereka membuat DVD dengan kualitas baik dan harga murah juga, hampir tidak ada cleanup di film nya setelah melalui proses telecine. Jadi perbedaan paling utamanya adalah, telecine dikeluarkan oleh para pembajak sedangkan r5 di keluarkan oleh studio yang menggunakan peralatan yang pro, professional studio dan orang orang yang professional. Qualitas dari R5 mirip dengan dvdscr, mereka juga biasanya menggunakan TS atau english cam audio rip karena kualitas audio yang lebih tinggi dibanding bahasa Rusia.

TVRip/Episodes
Film dengan jenis ini, biasanya direkam langsung pada saat film tersebut sedang disiarkan. Kulitas bergantung pada stasiun televisi yang menyiarkan, apakah film tersebut disiarkan dalam format high definition atau tidak. Kalau film tersebut disiarkan dengan format high definition, maka kualitasnya akan sangat baik.

DSRip(Digital Satelite)
Direkam dari transmisi satelite, kualiatasnya baik, biasanya di encode dalam format xvid.

PDTV(Pure Digital TV)
Film jenis ini direkam melalui jaringan TV digital dengan menggunakan Tv Tuner yang mendukung format digital. Kualitasnya sangat baik, biasanya di encode dalam format xvid.

HDTV(High Definition TV)
Sama dengan PDTV.

Workprint(WP)
Merupakan salinan dari film yang belum selesai, bisanya terdapat adegan yang hilang, suara yang tidak beraturan. Kualitas film dengan tipe ini bevariasoi, dari yang paling baik hingga yang paling buruk.

DivX Re-Enc
Merupakan film yang disalin dari DVD / VCD aslinya, damun di encode ulang, untuk menghasilkan ukuran yang lebih kecil. Tipe ini sering dijumpai pada dunia underground dan fansub. Contoh film-film anime biasanya tergolong ke dalam jenis ini.

DivX / XviD
DivX adalah sebuah format yang di design untuk multimedia platform. Teknologi ini menggunakan 2 jenis codec, (1) low motion, (2) high motion. Kebanyakan film film tua di encode dengan menggunakan low motion only, karena teknologi film tersebut memiliki masalah pada high motion. Metode lainya disebut dengan SBC (Smart Bit-rate Control) yang dikembangkan untuk dapat men switch codecs pada saat encoding, dan menghasilkan gambar yang lebih baik. Format video ini menggunakan Ana orphic dan bit-rate/resolution sangat variatif. Sehingga DVD player pun dapat memainkan film dengan kualitas DivX ini, biasanya format ini akan lebih baik jika di encode dari DVD, dan biasanya akan memakan waktu sekitar 2jam per disc untuk meng konversi data nya. Beberapa codec yang tersedia biasanya menggunakan Divx3.11a dan XviD codec.

Bluray/HD
Resolusi jauh lebih besar yaitu 1920x1080 atau 1280x720 (tergantung filenya). Konsekuensinya, file jadi besar dan memutarnya juga berat, sehingga diperlukan spesifikasi komputer yang tinggi juga. kalau tidak nanti jadi patah-patah. Kualitas ini jauh lebih baik dari DVDRip.

mHD
mini/micro HD, hampir sama dengan HD, tetapi dengan resolusi yang lebih kecil yaitu 1280x5xx, sehingga ukuran filepun juga lebih kecil dibandingkan HD.

Istilah - istilah Lainnya :
RARset
Movie yang dihasilkan akan di berikan dalam bentuk kompresi format RAR, dapat berbentuk fromat RAR v2 (rar>.rxx) atau RAR v3 (part01.rar > partxx.rar).

NFO
NFO biasanya berisi informasi peng uploader atau ripper movie untuk mempromosikan group mereka, dan memberikan sedikit informasi mengenai release film nya, seperti format, source, size, dan beberapa notes yang informatif. Mereka juga melakukan recruit untuk member baru.

SFV
Biasanya dalam semua film film terdapat SFV. File ini digunakan untuk site level untuk memeriksa kalau masing masing file sudah ter upload dengan benar, dan ini akan memastikan kalau orang yang mendownload file tersebut akan memiliki acuan CRC dan mengetahui apakah filenya corrupt atau tidak. Gunakan program seperti pdSFV atau hkSFV untuk membaca file ini.

PROPER
Ini adalah semacam scene rules, misalkan ada orang pertama yang mengeluarkan Telesync namun di waktu yang lain, ada orang lain lagi mengeluarkan telesync film juga, dengan kualitas yang lebih baik tentunya maka tag PROPER akan ditambahkan di dalam filename ini. PROPER juga berarti dapat dikatakan kalau file yang sama lebih baik dari yang sebelumnya. Alasan dari tag PROPER selalu dimasukan didalam NFO.

SUBBED
Biasanya dalam film yang ada tag ini sudah diberikan encode subtitles didalam movie tersebut. Biasanya ini dalam format bahasa yang tidak umum seperti Indonesia/ malaysia/chinese/thai dan lainya, dalam SVCD mampu mengsupport untuk melakukan switch subtitles, beberapa DVDRip juga sudah disertai dengan subtitle.